Optimisation of lozenge formulation from Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) extract with various binding materials using a simplex lattice design method

Background: Antibacterial and antifungal activities of citronella grass extract are widely used, but there is no pleasant dosage form for patients who unable to swallow. Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) lozenges were prepared with wet granulation method containing natural or synthetic polymer (PGA/PVP/gelatin) binders. Objective: This study aimed determine the most optimal lozenge formula using simplex lattice design Design Expert software 13.0.0. Methods: The was made maceration 70% ethanol as solvent. Furthermore, preparation tablets physical, chemical stability tests performed. Results: results physical test showed that Formula IV a ratio PGA:PVP:Gelatin 0.5:0.5:0 hardness value 48.85 ± 0.46 kg/cm2, dissolving time 684 7 seconds, friability 0.31 0.136%. Chemical testing by total phenolic content Folin-Ciocalteu at wavelength 750 nm obtained 78.262 mgGAE/gram extract. Moreover, tablet 0.063 0.027 extract, room temperature 28 days found stable. Conclusion: It can be concluded combination PGA (natural polymer) PVP (synthetic binders 1:1 produce stable lozenges.